Reflection On Coaching and Mentoring Essay -- My Ethical and Moral Vie

My ethical and moral views, beliefs, attitudes and values have been fashi superstard by an up bringing that centred on Christian beliefs. Even though religion was not forced upon me as a child, my mother raised us all with a strong mind of right and wrong. Along with the influence of my family, the Navy has had a big influence on the person I am. The Navy has a strong ethos of what is expected of the military group that serve this is made up of the following Leadership, High Professional Standards, and Courage in Adversity, Determination, Loyalty, Mutual Respect, Discipline, A Sense of Humour, Teamwork, and A Can Do Attitude. roughly recently of all though, the biggest thing that has influenced me as a person and a parent has been my experiences of working with young people. This includes acting as a Youth advisor for Portsmouth City Council, a Mentor for Barnardos and a Youth Advisor for East Sussex County Council. I am currently working in two secondary schools as part of my res ettlement from the Navy. This has given me the experience of working with young people living in virtual poverty, in constant trouble with the Police and preparation services and some young people with varying take aims of disabilities. This work has given me a good ability to stay impartial, to be non judgemental and has given me a depicted object to treat people a lot more emphatically than I was ever able to. This is because I have been exposed to a greater scope of problems and personalities than I have been used to in the Navy. These are qualities that I will hopefully be able to transfer into my coaching practice.During my coaching sessions with Lorraine, it was clear that my beliefs concerning purport / Work Balance were very different to hers even though this was the... ...y own personal development, I plan to attend further coaching training courses, one of these courses is, MAGIC coaching. This is a course run by the Coaching Academy and it teaches the following con version of the GROW model Motivation, Assertiveness, Goal achievement, Initiative and Confident communication. This variation of coaching is focused more towards young people, and would therefore fit with my aspirations for the future. I would also be interested in attending a basic level course in NLP, as I believe this particular method will also benefit my coaching with young people.I look forrad to reading the latest research regarding learning styles and hope in the future to change my language used during sessions to appeal to the particular style of my coach. Until I am in a position to do this effectively I will try and use a broad spectrum of styles.

An Analysis of The Other in All of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs Tar

An Analysis of The Other in All of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs Tarzan Human nature is one of self-awareness. Because of that awareness, it is necessary for us to define ourselves by looking at the world around us and deciding what groups we fall into, and what groups we do not. Those groups we feel a part of become a safe haven, and those groups we feel separated from are seen as foreign, exotic, dangerous, or even subhuman. The Other must dwell for human beings to define themselves individually. Our recognition of our differences in relation to others gives us our humanity and our individuality. But our curiosity about The Other still re of imports. Edgar Rice Burroughs novel, Tarzan, is a discussion on our fascination with otherness our reactions to the other, and our desire to discover how the other sees us. Burroughs has structured the novel so that readers are forced out of their traditional roles, taking on those of The Other. In so doing, readers see thi ngs about themselves that were invisible to their individual selves, but obvious to outsiders. Burroughs avoids using this technique to reveal any great truths about society, choosing kind of to entertain and amuse, but through entertaining his readers, he cannot help but give them a vehicle for rediscovering themselves.In Tarzan, there are two main kinds of other, two worlds, juxtaposed. Tarzan and his jungle constitute one world Jane and civilization constitute another. Orbiting these two main worlds, are several moons, such as the Mbonga village and the mutineers. Tarzan exponent even be considered a moon, since there is no one like him, and he belongs to no group but his own.Tarzans jungle world would presumable be foreign to most rea... ...girl, but found a new sense of self and identity, as does the reader.Burroughs has taken the readers on a journey extraneous from themselves and into a place they could never go alone. He takes them outside of themselves, away from al l that is safe and predictable, and gives them a chance to be reborn as an other. And in remaking the reader into an other, the reader is naturally given the opportunity to see society, and perhaps even his own little corner of society, through new eyes. He warns the reader to remember the feelings evoked by Tarzan and to be true to his new self. It is not only the places or events described in Tarzan that make it so enduringly entertaining it is the chance to see our own lives as something unique, unusual, and significant.Works CitedBurroughs, Edgar Rice. Tarzan The Adventures of Lord Greystoke. Ballantine Books, 1972.

I Want to Coach High School Football :: Teaching Education Philosophy

I Want to Coach High School Football As I was preparing to leave high school and look for a career, I had to make an immense decision. I had to decide what field I wanted to pursue, and how to go about it. I knew I wanted to teach because it offered everything I wanted in a occupation including, good benefits, decent pay, the chance to work with children, and the chance to eventually coach High School Football. No former(a) career I found can offer all of these advantages. Although I know I want to teach there is more to the teaching profession than that. First, I have to learn the curriculum and then how to bring that material across to the students. The actual learning process comes naturally for me, but I had to fall in and think about how I would bring it across once I become a teacher. This involves many aspects of my life and what I know is important. I feel ones teaching philosophy pulls from every portion of an individuals belief system. These can inclu de your moral and ethical beliefs, your personality, and also what you, as a teacher, feel is important for the students to learn. To me this seems to be a very big responsibility, so when I started considering my teaching philosophy, I did not take the task lightly. It seems to me that there is a very thin problem between fulfilling your own expectations as a teacher, and giving the children what they need and even what they want. I decided that I as a prospective educator, found no teaching philosophy that fulfilled all of my beliefs and hopes. I felt that choosing one philosophy in its entirety was to extreme. I feel that there are part of all of the philosophies that are excellent, but the philosophies as a whole fail the students in some aspects. That is why for me, I chose an eclectic philosophy. I broke down all of the ways of thinking and came up with my own personal philosophy to use some day when I achieve my dream of being a teacher. I feel it is very imp ortant to teach the basic skills first.

Polar Bears :: essays research papers fc

gelid Bear is the name for a white bear found on the icy sea of the Arctic throughout the North Polar basin. Being the only bear considered being marine, it is longer than other bears and streamlined for aquatic life. It has the plantigrade feet (heel and sole touching the ground) which are typical in only bears, with five sharp, claws on each foot for grasping at the chalk and holding its prey. Long hair between the pads protects the bears feet from the cold and provides traction on the ice so he doesnt slip. Hard hairs on the forelegs, and very wide front feet, help the bear swim. All diametric bears are white, although their fur may yellow in the summer because of the fat from animals it kills.The largest wild bears ever numerateedwere more than 800 kg (which is more than 1800 lb)have been polar bears. However, most male polar bears weigh an average of about 350 kg (about 880 lb), and most females weigh about 250 kg (550 lb). Polar bears have a strong navigational sense, a n extremely good sense of smell, and they are extremely good at solving problems in order to obtain food. They eat primarily ringed seals, and sometimes they also enjoy bearded seals, walruses, or even white whales. They also feed on berries, sedges, mussels, and kelp when they have no other food sources left.As with other true bears, polar-bear mothers and young effect strong bonds. The young cubs are very small when they are born about 1 kg (about 2.2 lb). Their eyes remain closed for about 40 days and they must be fed every few hours. The mother keeps them close to make sure that they stay warm. Except during the breeding season, male polar bears are solitary and walk over vast amounts of sea ice while hunting. During the breeding season (which is from May to June), the males fight nonstop over females. both(prenominal) the male and female may mate with other individuals as well.

Essay --

Segregation, the separation of individuals by their race, was something that many African American experienced in their life after their license from slavery until the end of segregation around the mid-1900s. Southerners were less accepting of African Americans than their Northern counterparts. Southerners were of decennium extremely furious to African Americans, referring to them with demeaning names and physically hurting them, sometimes to the point of critical injury or death. During this time, jam Meredith, a civil rights leader was born. James Howard Meredith was born as one of ten children on a farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi on June 25, 1933. He was not exposed to racism until a train ride from Chicago, where he had to bewilder up his seat for a unclouded man. This train ride was his catalyst for fighting for civil rights. He worn-out(a) nine geezerhood in the armament Air Force following high school. After his service, he enrolled in the all-black school, Jackson Stat e College in Mississippi. The offshoot of his work started in the year 1961, when he applied for University of Mississippi, which back because was an all-white school that had been segregated and should feel been integrated with the dark-brown v. Board of Education ruling. The Brown v. the Board of Education, taking place in 1952, was a case that overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that legalized segregation. This case brought near after an African American man from Topeka filed a lawsuit saying that black and white schools were not legal. This p arnt was Oliver Brown. This case was taken care of by Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of colourful People (NAACP). The court ruled in favor of Brown and segregation became considered illegal and in violation of ... ...aces, however, when they look at the same classroom almost sixty years ago they lead find it less diversified. Now, people can see African American children play with the childre n of white people. There are children who are of mixed race, when back then these children would be shunned by both sides. The children are qualified to play, become friends, and be happy. They are able to have a life where they do not have to worry about getting off the street just because a white person is passing by. They do not have to worry about moving to the back just because a white person has arrived. This would not have been the case sixty years ago. This place where children of all races are able to enjoy each others company was the result of many years of effort and blood, not merely by one person alone by many courageous individuals who wanted to create a better future for their people. Essay -- Segregation, the separation of individuals by their race, was something that many African American experienced in their life after their freedom from slavery until the end of segregation around the mid-1900s. Southerners were less accepting of African American s than their Northern counterparts. Southerners were often extremely cruel to African Americans, referring to them with demeaning names and physically hurting them, sometimes to the point of critical injury or death. During this time, James Meredith, a civil rights leader was born. James Howard Meredith was born as one of ten children on a farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi on June 25, 1933. He was not exposed to racism until a train ride from Chicago, where he had to give up his seat for a white man. This train ride was his catalyst for fighting for civil rights. He spent nine years in the Army Air Force following high school. After his service, he enrolled in the all-black school, Jackson State College in Mississippi. The beginning of his work started in the year 1961, when he applied for University of Mississippi, which back then was an all-white school that had been segregated and should have been integrated with the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The Brown v. the Board of Educ ation, taking place in 1952, was a case that overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that legalized segregation. This case brought about after an African American man from Topeka filed a lawsuit saying that black and white schools were not legal. This parent was Oliver Brown. This case was taken care of by Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The court ruled in favor of Brown and segregation became considered illegal and in violation of ... ...aces, however, when they look at the same classroom about sixty years ago they will find it less diversified. Now, people can see African American children play with the children of white people. There are children who are of mixed race, when back then these children would be shunned by both sides. The children are able to play, become friends, and be happy. They are able to have a life where they do not have to worry about getting off the street just because a white person is passing b y. They do not have to worry about moving to the back just because a white person has arrived. This would not have been the case sixty years ago. This place where children of all races are able to enjoy each others company was the result of many years of effort and blood, not only by one person but by many courageous individuals who wanted to create a better future for their people.

Essay --

Segregation, the separation of individuals by their race, was something that many African American experienced in their conduct after their freedom from bondage until the end of segregation around the mid-1900s. Southerners were less accepting of African Americans than their Northern counterparts. Southerners were often extremely cruel to African Americans, referring to them with demeaning names and physically painful sensation them, sometimes to the point of critical injury or death. During this time, James Meredith, a civil rights leader was natural. James Howard Meredith was born as one of ten children on a farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi on June 25, 1933. He was not exposed to racism until a ingest ride from Chicago, where he had to give up his seat for a white man. This train ride was his catalyst for fighting for civil rights. He spent golf-club years in the Army line of credit Force following high school. After his service, he enrolled in the all-black school, Jackson St ate College in Mississippi. The beginning of his figure started in the year 1961, when he utilize for University of Mississippi, which back then was an all-white school that had been segregated and should have been integrated with the Brown v. climb on of Education ruling. The Brown v. the Board of Education, taking get in in 1952, was a case that overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that legalized segregation. This case brought about after an African American man from Topeka filed a event saying that black and white schools were not legal. This p arnt was Oliver Brown. This case was taken care of by Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored hoi polloi (NAACP). The court ruled in privilege of Brown and segregation became considered illegal and in violation of ... ...aces, however, when they look at the same classroom about lx years ago they will think it less diversified. Now, people can see African American children play with the chi ldren of white people. There are children who are of mixed race, when back then these children would be shunned by both sides. The children are able to play, become friends, and be happy. They are able to have a life where they do not have to use up about getting off the street just because a white person is passing by. They do not have to worry about pitiable to the back just because a white person has arrived. This would not have been the case sixty years ago. This place where children of all races are able to enrapture each others company was the result of many years of effort and blood, not only by one person but by many courageous individuals who wanted to create a better future for their people. Essay -- Segregation, the separation of individuals by their race, was something that many African American experienced in their life after their freedom from slavery until the end of segregation around the mid-1900s. Southerners were less accepting of African Americ ans than their Northern counterparts. Southerners were often extremely cruel to African Americans, referring to them with demeaning names and physically hurting them, sometimes to the point of critical injury or death. During this time, James Meredith, a civil rights leader was born. James Howard Meredith was born as one of ten children on a farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi on June 25, 1933. He was not exposed to racism until a train ride from Chicago, where he had to give up his seat for a white man. This train ride was his catalyst for fighting for civil rights. He spent nine years in the Army Air Force following high school. After his service, he enrolled in the all-black school, Jackson State College in Mississippi. The beginning of his work started in the year 1961, when he applied for University of Mississippi, which back then was an all-white school that had been segregated and should have been integrated with the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The Brown v. the Board of Ed ucation, taking place in 1952, was a case that overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that legalized segregation. This case brought about after an African American man from Topeka filed a lawsuit saying that black and white schools were not legal. This parent was Oliver Brown. This case was taken care of by Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The court ruled in favor of Brown and segregation became considered illegal and in violation of ... ...aces, however, when they look at the same classroom about sixty years ago they will find it less diversified. Now, people can see African American children play with the children of white people. There are children who are of mixed race, when back then these children would be shunned by both sides. The children are able to play, become friends, and be happy. They are able to have a life where they do not have to worry about getting off the street just because a white person is passing by. They do not have to worry about moving to the back just because a white person has arrived. This would not have been the case sixty years ago. This place where children of all races are able to enjoy each others company was the result of many years of effort and blood, not only by one person but by many courageous individuals who wanted to create a better future for their people.

Computer Fraud – an Analysis on Oracle Corp vs. Sap Ag

Information carcass has been playing a grave essential role in daily business activities. everyplace the past decade, the detection rate of study processing governing body crimes concerning selective study system attacks has risen sharply. According to Kunz and Wilson (2004), reported figurer crimes have been septupled from 2000 to 2003 and leads to inestimable economic loss. Therefore, themes on development security, especially the prevention of computer thespian, have attracted increasingly attentions (Romney and Steinbart, 2009).However, it seems that perpetrators can always find new techniques to theft invaluable business secrets stored, processed or defend by those information systems. Moreover, some abuse techniques have been used in economic espionage, which causes a yearly loss of $250 billion (ibid). prophet Corp vs. run out AG could be one of the relating aspects occurred in the recent 2007 and is not yet closed till present. This essay will firstly introduce th e Case. Then by using Fraud Triangle, analyze the reason of wears commitment of computer subterfuge and data theft.Finally, suggestions on how to improve the security of companys information system will be addressed with some reflections of the Case. It has been reported that the worlds softwargon monster gull AG was sued by its largest competitor, visionary Corporation, for computer fraud and data theft in March 2007 (Anon, 2010). In the Complaint, Oracle Corporation (2007) stated that in November 2006, unusual heavy d stimulateload activities were descry on Customer Connection, a website Oracle used to serve its customers. The uncovered access originated from an IP address in one of SAPs braches with log-in IDs of PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards customers. It is discovered later that TomorrowNow and SAP TN, two SAP subsidiaries, committed a series of unauthorized access to Oracles customer service system and more than 10,000 illegal download activities. Mass of important materia ls, including copyrighted software codes and confidential documents was theft. In this way, SAP was capable of establishing a service library for PeopleSoft and J. D. Edwards products, and launched a marketing campaign to snatch Oracles customers. The fraud resulted in Oracles 120 copyrights infringed and posed the threats of losing 358 customers (Kawamoto, 2007).On 24 November 2010, the U. S. Federal territory Court for Northern California announced that Oracle won the Case with SAP liable for $1. 3 billion compensation. As Slappendel (2010) points out, this is the largest amount ever awarded in copyright infringement cases. The core reason may lies that the verdict is based upon the fair market value of the licenses for utilizing those resources instead of Oracles profit loss. afterward the verdict, SAPs stock terms has been falling significantly and TomorrowNow had to be shut down (Anon, 2011 Team, 2010).Although SAP accepted the liability and apologized for its inappropriate behavior, the company has been rock that the penalty was contrary to the reality of the damage caused by the fraud (Margan, 2011). It is also reported that SAP has filed motions to the Court and therefore SAPs computer fraud case does not seem to end at present. The action of data theft has brought unnecessary troubles to both SAP and Oracle. In order to prevent computer fraud effectively, it is essential to fully examine the reason of SAPs behavior. Fraud Triangle will be used as an analysis tool.It is estimated by Romney and Steinbart (2009) that Fraud Triangle consists of the three normal conditions for fraud to occur pressures, opportunities and rationalizations. Figure 1 shown below is a brief summary of Fraud Triangle in the Case. 5. Homely meals in software industry FIGURE 1 FRAUD TRIANGLE OF SAP foreshortenure Opportunity Rationalization 2. Oracles lacking(p) security management 4. Theft by other companies (i. e. Siebel Systems) before 1. Financial fierce competition in the market 3. Few evidence may not be spottedFirstly, SAP is probably under the severe pressure of maintaining the top one throne in the software market. During the last decade, competition between Oracle and SAP has greatly increased and the rivalry has developed into a feud. Particularly in 2004, Oracle began a series of acquisitions, aiming at increasing the percent of enterprise applications market, where SAP owned the leadership (PeopleSoft, 2011). After realizing the seriousness, SAP fighted back by offering special discounts to woo customers, and thus a unrelenting price battle initiated.However, the strategy did not seem to rescue much, SAPs market share remains downward sloping (Team, 2010). Currently, Oracle and SAP are vying for the third-party enterprise software support and maintenance market. The enormous pressure of winning may contribute to the commitment of computer fraud, especially for spying the business secrets of the largest competitor. The sideline two ext ernal conditions may possibly be linked to SAPs unwise actions Oracles insufficient security management and an hazard to conceal the fraud.Oracle has provided the Customer Connection as a supplementary of its service to the customers. However, the semi-open system, which stores countless precious information, does not appear to be equipped with passe-partout security management techniques. A huge defect exists that allows easy access to resources supposed to be protected from outsiders. In terms of the flaw, Oracle may be partially liable of its loss. Even though Oracles detection of abnormal access is relatively sensitive, it could not take a step up of the crime.Besides, Oracles dependence on service website offers the probability to conceal fraud, since comparably less evidence would be left for detection. With technology improvement, computer fraud may become far more difficult to spot in the future (The National Fraud Center, Inc. , 2000). Moreover, the experience of being a casualty of computer crimes might have lifted SAPs rationalization of being a perpetrator. It is recorded that in 1999, SAP filed a lawsuit against Siebel Systems and claimed of being a victim of the so-called White Collar Crime (Kawamoto, 2007).Additionally, it may be reasonable to recognize the fact that most people in software industries compute the occurrence of computer fraud as homely meals, because almost all businesses in this market have grabbed some most advanced computer techniques, in concert with some abuse techniques obviously. As a result, SAPs fraud behavior may not be that severe in the eyes of the determination makers. Hence, accelerate the germination of computer crimes. After fully assessment of why SAP may err, suggestions on how to improve the security of enterprises information system will be addressed with reflections of the Case.In the perspective of prevention, several control methods could be considered to raise the security capability of the enterprise s information systems. First of all, persuade or enforce all employees, even the customers, to use strong password to access to companys database or service websites (Standler, 2007). fatality of password changes at regular time intervals would be necessary to prevent some former employees of customers company from entering the system, which may exactly Oracle needs.Secondly, secure physical and remote access to system resources unless the both the log-in ID and IP address are authorized (Backhouse and Dhillon, 1995). Thirdly, safeguard and double encrypt all data and programs. For example, materials on the Customer Connection could be double encrypted so that without further encoding, the downloaded materials would remain useless for non-employees or non-customers. Besides, techniques such as anti-virus software and firewall could to some purpose protect the system from worms and viruses attack.Although using the above prevention method could avoid some dispensable loss, perpetr ators penetrate everywhere (Romney and Steinbart, 2009). Therefore, an efficient detection system should be ready for any possible incidences. The establishment of a fraud hotline is recommended, which contains the employment of computer security officers, consultants and forensic specialists. The control system will be booked in monitoring all malicious actions and reporting back as soon as possible. In the Case, Oracle took advantage of its superior detection system and made SAPs fraud evidence traceable and suppressible (Oracle Corporation, 2007).Despite prevention and detection, there are other preparations could be made ahead of the arrival of any disasters with the intention of reducing the loss caused by computer fraud (Kunz and Wilson, 2004). These routines mainly concern insurance application, recovery plans constitution, material back-up within the whole information system. Furthermore, timely crime reporting to the government crime center and effectively legislative too l using might be helpful for retrieving fairly compensations from perpetrators, as it has been done by Oracle Corporation in the Case.Some ERP market analysts even suspect that the compositors case could be a sort of Oracles strategy to decrease the competition in the third-party enterprise software maintenance and support market. Whatever the original purpose is, Oracle has achieved benefit from winning the Lawsuit for the current period. To conclude, SAPs situation has satisfied all of the three conditions presented in Fraud Triangle, some of which heavily depend on industrial milieu as well as the design of Oracles information system.Thus, objectively, SAP may not liable for all the censure, though it really has been diligent in illicit competition using computer fraud. Oracle could be considered partially responsible for its loss and the sentenced $1. 3 billion seems somewhat too cruel for SAP to bear. Although some experts may argue that the breach of intellectual property i s unforgivable culpable negligence, it looks possible for the Court to adjust the amount of penalty towards a more realistic number. Since the next round hearings will not start until July 2011, all the outcomes remain unpredictable (Margan, 2011).It is undeniable that, however, computer fraud could bring close to huge losses for the entire society, especially when it is used in economic espionage. In the speeding advancing information century, nearly all of the impossible could be made possible. Consequently, it seems that scarce the creation of a healthy competition environment, emphasis on business ethics and proper education may aid in bringing down the upward climbing computer crime rate. REFERENCE Anon. (2007) SAP-We Will Aggressively Defend Against Oracles Claims online. Ziff Davis Media, United Press International. Available at 30 April 2011 Anon. (2010) Oracle Awarded $1. 3bn In SAP Data Theft Case online 24 November. BBC News. Available at 28 April 2011 Anon. (2011) SA P Posts crisp Profit Drop Due To Oracle Lawsuit online 26 January. Available at 29 April 2011 Backhouse,J. and Dhillon,G. (1995) Managing Computer Crime A Research Outlook online. Computer and certification 14(1995) 645-651. Available at 29 April 2011 Granick,J. S. (n. d. ) Faking It Calculating Loss In Computer Crime Sentencing online. Available at 1 May 2011 Kawamoto,D. (2007) Oracle Sues SAP On Spying Charges online 22 March. CNET News. Available at 28 April 2011 Kunz,M and Wilson,P. (2004) Computer Crime And Computer Fraud online. Available at 1 May 2011 Margan,T. P. (2011) Oracle, SAP Still Going At It Over TomorrowNow online 28 February. Available at 29 April 2011 Niccolai,J. (2010) SAP Court Lops $500M Off Oracles Potential Damages online November. IDG News. Available at 1 May 2011 Oracle Corporation (2007) Oracle Vs. SAP Lawsuit Complaint online. Available at 28 April 2011 Panorama Consulting Group. (2010) Clash Of The Titans An Independent Comparison Of SAP Vs. O racle online. Available at 10 April 2011 PeopleSoft (2011) Oracle vs. SAP online 1 May. Available at 1 May 2011 Romney,M. B. and Steinbart,P. J. 2009) Accounting Information Systems, 11th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Shaw,E. et al. (n. d. ) The Insider Threat To Information Systems The Psychology Of The Dangerous Insider online. Security Awareness air No. 2-98. Available at 29 April 2011 Slappendel,S. (2010) Oracle v. SAP Highest Damages Awarded For A Copyright Infringement Lawsuit online. Available at 28 April 2011 Standler,R. B. (2007) Tips For Avoiding Computer Crime online 25 November.Available at 29 April 2011 Team,T. (2010) SAP-Oracle Lawsuit Could Weigh On SAP Market Share, Stock Price online 14 December. Available at 29 April 2011 The National Fraud Center, Inc. (2000) The evolution Global Threat Of Economic And Cyber Crime online December. Available at 1 May 2011 APPENDIX A COPY OF THE NEWS REPORT Oracle awarded $1. 3bn in SAP data theft case 24 November 2010 Last up dated at 0732 GMTOracle chief executive Larry Ellison testified during the case European software giant SAP has been ordered by a Californian court to pay US rival Oracle $1. 3bn (? 820m) after losing a data theft case. The case revolved around customer-support documents and software stolen by SAPs subsidiary TomorrowNow. Oracle alleged that the German company intended to use the data to poach the 358 customers involved, and demanded $1. 65bn compensation. SAP had claimed it owed only $40m, but the jury decided in Oracles favour. SAP give tongue to it was disappointed with the jurys decision and would look to challenge the verdict. We will pursue all available options, including post-trial motions and appeal if necessary, it said in a statement. It did, however, reiterate that it had made a mistake We regret the actions of TomorrowNow, we have accepted liability, and have been willing to fairly compensate Oracle. humongous dreams Oracle co-president Safra Catz expressed her satisf action with the verdict For more than three years, SAP stole thousands of copies of Oracle software and then resold that software and related services to Oracles own customers. The trial made it clear that SAPs most senior executives

Arguments For ‘Invitation To Treat And An Offer’

The English Law on the formation of contracts by and large requires there to be an expand and a matching acceptance. The offer mustiness set out and refer to the object for sale and all the important terms of the contract. The acceptance must indicate agreement to all the terms of contract. If it does non do so, the acceptance will be regarded as a counter-offer which is capable of rejecting the original offer, thereby making it incapable of acceptance later (Hyde v turn of events (1840) CC 49 ER 132).There are two offers, the virtuoso made by Susan through the advertisement on the 1st of March and that of Alice in receipt to the initial offer on the twenty-seventh of March that amounted to a counter-offer. There is also the publicise of the application of the postal influence and its limitations in the case of Tahir, the issue of instantaneous communications and when the repeal of an offer becomes effective in the case of Emma and its reigns.In Tahirs case, the letter and enclosed Cheque he sent on the 27th of March would have been the most preferable choice of acceptance because the general postal rule would have applied easily which allows the effectiveness of a affix acceptance to start right from when it was posted, so as to enhance the effectiveness of businesses, if they bum start working farther on the assumption that there is a binding contract between both parties as in Adams v Lindsell (1818).But, the fact that Susan defined the terms of the contract by stating the modes of acceptance and payment that was acceptable, which does non include a letter or a cheque makes the postal rule ineffective on Tahirs letter, as it is unacceptable. Although, sending a letter as a form of acceptance was reasonable there is no binding contract between Susan and Tahir because of the definition of terms and conditions of the offer. 2 Alices letter on the 27th of March is a counter-offer which is capable of rejecting the original offer.If Alice had not alte red the terms of the offer, which resulted in an offer of her own, The letter would have been an acceptance, and the usual rule when a letter of acceptance is sent in reply to an offer is that the acceptance takes effect on lineup, ensuring there is a binding contract. However, this postal rule has no application here, since the case of Holwell securities v Hughes (1974) makes it clear that the rule can be avoided by a specific request in the terms of the offer according to LAWTON L. J Now in this case, the notice in writing was to be one to the intending vendor.It was to be an intimation to him that the grantee had exercised the option he was the one who was to be fixed with the information contained in the writing. He never was, because the letter carrying the information went astray. The plaintiffs were unable to do what the agreement said they were to do, namely, fix the defendant with companionship that they had decided to buy his property. If this construction of the option clause is correct, there is no room for the application of any rule of law relating to the acceptance of offers by posting letters since the option agreement stipulated what had to be done to exercise the option.On this ground alone I would dismiss the appeal. Considering, the email Alice sent on the twenty-eighth of March, which would have been the most suitable form of acceptance as at that time, although it was sent on Friday, it was out of office hours and so Susan is unable to con it, whence the acceptance was not communicated as the instantaneous communications rules requires as in Entores v Miles East Corp. It is generally agreed that the instantaneous communications will engender the email, and so the time of communication, rather than the time of sending, is the relevant time.Applying this rule to Alices email, the email has no effect because as at the time it was communicated the offer was no longer capable of acceptance. Alice has no binding contract with Susan because her letter was a counter-offer and the email was communicated when the offer was already withdrawn. The case law on revocation of offers establishes that offers can be withdrawn at any time prior to acceptance (Payne v Cave (1789)), provided that the withdrawal is communicated to the offeree.The latter point is reinforced by the close in Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880), which concerns the revocation of an offer by telegram. Applying this to the dealings of Emma and Susan, If Susan received Emmas email before the revocation was published in the papers, the revocation will be ineffective, and there will be a binding contract. This assumes, however, that the advert is deemed to becommunicated to Emma as soon as it was published and available to read on the 29th of March, because the information in the advert is sufficient notification to Emma that Susan has withdrawn the offer.Although, Emma may want to argue that the offer was open until the 31st of March, so they have a binding contr act. This is not so, using the case of Routledge v Grant (1828), in which it was held that a promise of this kind will not generally be binding. The reason is that the promise will generally not have provided any consideration for the promise.If Susan had been given any amount of money or worthy in return for keeping the offer open until the 31st of march, then consideration would have been provided, and she would be bounded to her promise but in the absence of such she is free to withdraw the offer anytime. Therefore, Emmas email has no effect because, she bears the responsibility of reading the revocation in the paper as Susan has interpreted the most reasonable form of communicating the revocation in this case. In conclusion, there is no binding contract between Susan and the other parties.

Lets Talk About Dying

Presentation Summary Greg K whizzn In Peter capital of Minnesotas (2011) Lets Talking about Dying talk, he opened up with a very poignant statement that when 2000 brain cells break-dance daily he argues that our dying process really truly has started. As a physician, he reports that he has seen many changes in the last thirty years. One significant change is the role of technology in healthcare. Technology, he argues, is impute with life prolonging, rather than life saving.He also states that chronic diseases are now taking control in the dying process. He postulated that the four ways to die are (a) sudden death, (b) terminal illness, (c) organ failure, and (d) frailty (Saul, 2011). Sudden death is declining due to technology and increased education. Terminal illness is usually reserved for the young person. Organ failure will lead deal into the Intensive Care Unit of the local hospital. He reports that there is seven times more breed associated with this type of death (Saul, 2 011).He also states that one in five United States citizens will experience this type of death (Saul, 2011). The final way to die, frailty, is what most people will experiences. Life longevity breeds frailty. This dwindling capacity is an inevitable part of aging (Saul, 2011). This increased longevity leads to longer life not necessarily collapse life (Saul, 2011). The key for healthcare professionals is respecting patient choices (Saul, 2011).To explore this concept, Saul undertook some research efforts to explore the dying process in Australia. He found that one in one hundred patients had advanced directives which he called a dialogue (Saul, 2011). A chart reviewed showed that the healthcare profession failed to address the needs of advanced directives with their patients (Saul, 2011). Saul argued that respecting patient choices should just be normal practice for hospitals (Saul, 2011).He summarized his talk by stating that the two most important questions regarding the dying pr ocess are (a) who do you extremity to make your decisions? and (b) have you spoken to that person? (Saul, 2011). His closing quote by Dame Cicely Saunders, You matter because you are you, and you matter to the last moment of your life is a poignant reminder that most people want, and deserve control, in the dying process. Reference Saul, T. , (2011, November). Lets talk about dying. Retrieved from http//www. ted. com/talks/peter_saul_let_s_talk_about_dying. html

Manifest Destiny and Foreign Policy Essay

The term license Destiny, which American writer John L. OSullivan first used in the New York Democratic Review in 1845. , describes what most 19th-Century Americans believed was their God-given mission to expand westward, occupy a continental nation, and extend U. S. constitutional goernment to unenlightened peoples. The idea was the driving force behind the rapid intricacy of America into the West from the East, and it was heavily promoted in newspapers, posters, and through other mediums.While the pellucid Destiny was not itself an official government policy, it had a lively impact on the foreign policy of the U. S. and encouraged Westward colonization, territorial acquisition, and American thought during the 19th century. Westward expansion A. K. A. Manifest destiny lead to Americas rapid acquisition of the old Mexican Southwest and the surgery Territory that marked the fulfillment of President James K. Polks expansionistic break away promises.Polk ran on wholly one platf orm westward expansion. He wanted to officially claim the grey part of Oregon Territory annex the American Southwest from Mexico and annex Texas. Thus, Polks desire for land would eventually cause a great deal of suffering for umteen Mexicans, Native Americans and United States citizens. quest the earlier Texas War of Independence from Mexico, tensions between the two largest independent nations on the North American continent grew as Texas eventually became a U. S. state.Disputes over the surround lines sparked military confrontation, helped by the fact that President Polk eagerly sought a war in order to seize large tracts of land from Mexico. The war took fundament mainly on Mexican soil. Partially because of disorganization and instability in the Mexican government, the war resulted in and American victory. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the war, made the southern boundary of Texas the Rio Grande, gave atomic number 20 and New Mexico to the United States, and gav e $15 million to Mexico in compensation.Furthermore, the Manifest Destiny affected the foreign policy of the U. S. through Polk appointing John Slidell of lah as minister to Mexico, and instructing him to offer up 30 million dollars to settle the disputed claims and purchase California and New Mexicothe territory between Texas and California. Like Polk many Americans during the 1840s-1850s were motivated by the spirit of the Manifest Destiny. Specifically, Oregon Fever seized thousands of western Americans hit hard by the economic depression (known as the Panic of 1837)triggered for the most part by an over-speculation in federal lands.Missouri was the starting point of the 2,000 mile Overland Trail, traveled by Jedediah Smith, Jim Bridger, and other mountain men. Commonly referred to as the Oregon Trail, the route ran along the Missouri and Platte Rivers, across the Great Plains, and through the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains. By, Americans moving that far west in Oregon only further supports that the Manifest Destiny impacted American thought and Westward colonization.Lastly, President James Polk used the cry of Manifest Destiny during his 1844 election, calling for the annexation of all told of Oregon, and Fifty Four Forty or Fight, both popular rallying cries supporting annexation. James K. Polks used the presidential bully pulpit and the cry of Manifest Destiny at different times, first with the British in attempts to gain Oregon and a couple historic period later to force Mexico to settle in 1848 and compromise, selling California and New Mexico to the United States to help end the war between the US and Mexico.Through the Manifest Destiny, Americans were motivated to seek economic and land opportunities especially in California. For example, the fortunate Rush attracted an abundance of Americans to strike it rich. James Marshall found gold musical composition working for John Sutter at his ranch in northern California on January 24, 1848. He ha d been hired to build a mill for Sutter. This place would put in American lore as Sutters Mill. Word quickly spread through California, the rest of America and eventually the world and people flocked to California to make their fortune.In fact, according to some estimates, the population increased by 86,000 people in two years. Most of these treasure seekers left for California in 1849, hence our name for them 49ers. Next, the first lucky arrivals were able to find nuggets of gold in the streambeds. These people made quick fortunes. It was a unique time in history where individuals with literally nothing to their name could become extremely wealthy. The gold was free for whoever was lucky enough to find it. It is no surprise that gold febricity hit so heavily.Yet the majority of those who made the journey out West were not so lucky. The individuals who became the richest were in fact not these early miners merely were instead entrepreneurs who created businesses to support all of the prospectors. However, the Gold Rush reinforced the idea of Manifest Destiny. America was destined to span from Atlantic to Pacific, and the accidental discovery of Gold made California an even more essential part of the picture. Furthermore, the U. S. started an act called the Homestead Act.The Homestead Act stated that any White American that is over the age of 21 could move to the West side of the U. S. and own 160 acres of un-owned land if they wanted to. It also stated that a White American could get 160 acres of un-owned land and build a house on it then after 5-years it could be your land. The Homestead Act helped the western expansion in which was fueled by Manifest Destiny through the concept of how its the peoples God Given Right to own land. The Manifest Destiny also brought a strong feeling of Nationalism amongst the peoples.Nationalism was the key point in the west ward expansionism. Without this feeling of unity in our country we never would have made it. The spiri t of Manifest Destiny pervaded the United States during the Age of Reformthe decades prior to the Civil War. John L. OSullivan, editor program of the influential United States Magazine and Democratic Review, gave the expansionist movement its name in 1845, when he wrote that it is the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent deal by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.Manifest Destiny was stimulated by nationalism and an idealistic vision of human perfectibility. It was Americas duty to extend liberty and democratic institutions across the continent. Underlying this divine American mission was a feeling of cultural and even racial superiority. All in all the overall concept of the Manifest Destiny, impacted the United States foreign policy through territorial acquisition and influenced American thought in which led to an abundance of Americans to move west because of economic, agricultural, and nationalistic beliefs.

Psychosexual stages vs. psychosocial stages Essay

In psychology when the word development is mention to two theorists, stand out. These theorists ar Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Freud being the contract of psychology qualifyd the technique of studying the development of individuals. Erikson was influenced by Freud but he felt that be underestimated other significant dimension that class our development. They both agreed that personality develop is mostly an unconscious process and when it does happen, it is over time and has universal make ups.They believe that personality is developing through a sequence of predestined breaker points. In individually exemplify, at that place is crisis that needs to be conquered in evidence to advance to the next stage in life. However, Freud believed the libido, persons biology and basic needs ar major factors in our development of personality (Simon & Gagnon). Although Freuds theory influenced Erikson, instead he believed environment and culture were major factors that influenced ou r personality (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000).Freud called this development process psycho cozy theory and Erikson called it psychosocial theory. both(prenominal) have similarity within their theories as the age group ar divided the same. level so, they differ in way. Freud believed that the first three stages were the most meaning(a). He excessively understood personalities were developed by conflicts resolved and the demands from reality. Erikson believed all stage were equally important and cultural experiences helped develop personally (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). They both had a different development process and outcomes. In order to grasp the theories, I allow examine each theorist and personality stages individually.In the first stage, that Freud called this psycho informal stage the oral stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the trust vs. mistrust stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the trust and estimateance infants have to the ir frets. In the oral stage, the chela makes the affiliation between the mothers presences with satisfying of their hunger. In the trust vs. mistrust, the child develops trust when they can depend on the mother to fulfill their needs thus developing a trustworthy relationship. However, these theories express different outcome when need are satisfied or not.For Freud, the crisis here is weaning the child from the mother. As time progresses the infant begin to differentiation itself from their mother. The child comes to acknowledge there is no longer an umbilical connection and they a separate person from their mother (Simon & Gagnon). As a result, later in life they grow to be optimistic and passivity. On the other hand, if the infants who do not make the distinction turn out to be pessimistic, immature and gullibility and obsessed with the mouth. Some of these obsessions include biting nails, thumb sucking, and eating and boozing obsessively and verbal aggressive.As for Eriksons theory, trust and mistrust is the ego crisis. If the infant discover that no one is resulting to fulfill his need whence mistrust get out develop. Conversely, if the childs needs are satisfied through good parenting, the child will develop trust. The child will also develop the science of hope and learn cosmic order in respect to society (Cloninger, 2004). In the second stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the anal stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the autonomy vs. shame stage.Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge child want to have personal control and the importance of washstand tuition. In the anal stage, the child wants to master holding on and letting go. Therefore, the child learn the control his own bowel movements through toilet training. In autonomy vs. shame stage, toilet training is used to master their body functions (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). This will instill a sense of control and independence in the child. However, both theories disagreed on the outcome of palmy or failing to toilet training. For Freud, the crisis is toilet training.If the child is successful at toilet training then they will be creative and productive in their adult life (Simon & Gagnon). Nevertheless, if the child fails they will either operate anal explosive or retentive. Anal explosive is when the child is rebelling during toilet training. This rebellion will cause the child to be messy, cruel, destructive and hostile as an adult. Anal-retentive is when the child withholds during toilet training.This will cause the child to be controlling, stingy and stubborn. For Erikson, although toilet training is important the crisis in this stage is control and independence. If the child does not feel supported, they will develop shame and doubt. It is important that the child feel supported by parents in order to develop autonomy, the ego adroitness will, law, and order in respect to society (Cloninger, 2004).In the third stage, Freud called t his psychosexual stage the phallic stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the Initiative vs. guilt stage. Both Freud and Erikson recognize that at these stages the child finding identity with his or her parent, and sex difference. In phallic stage, the child begins to call him or she with their parents thus acknowledges sexual difference. According to Freud, this process occurs through the Oedipus and Electra conflict. The Oedipus conflict is when the son wants to murder his father because he wants to be with his mother. The reason the wants to murder the father is for fear. He fears his father will discover the desire for his mother, and will be punished with castration (Cloning, 2004).The Electra conflict is when a girl changes her erotic relationship from the mother to the father. This relationship change is possible by the girls anger toward her mother (Cloninger, 2004). The reason for her anger is that she feels her mother was not dominant enough to protect her from castration. This change of object is facilitated by the girls anger toward her mother for not being situationful enough to protect her from castration. The child identifies with the same-sex parent in order to vicariously posses parent of the opposite sex (Simon & Gagnon).The child believe the more they are like the same-sex parent they will be able to counterchange the other parent. Thus the superego will develop and the end of the crisis. If the child cannot resolve this struggle they will have trouble forming the superego, sexual role identity and sexual confused (Simon & Gagnon). In the initiatives vs. guilt, the child acknowledges sex difference and parent identification through these social roles. According to Erikson, the child decided the person they want, affirm their power and control through playing and social contact (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).The child must feel encourage to play and have social contact in order to have initiative. The child will also have a sense of purpose and learn ideal prototypes in society. However, if the child is not encouraged they will believe they are bad and have guilt (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). In the fourth stage, Freud called this psychosexual stage the latency stage and Erikson called this psychosocial stage the industry vs. inferiority stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of development thought school. In the latency stage, the child develops into a more socially and academically driven person.This helps the child become constructive. In industry vs. inferiority, the child works on tasks until they are complete. The child hopes to receive recognition for constructing something for society. During this stage, Freud explains that the childs sexual drive is inactive thus there is no crisis. This is because there is a repression of sexual impulse (Simon & Gagnon). Instead the child use this repressed energy in to their social and academic bes. Yet, Erikson believes the crisis here is how to become a product individual in society. During this stage, the children want to learn new skill like reading, writing, counting and drawing (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).Those children who are not encourage or praise for their accomplishment from their parents or teachers will develop problems with competence and self-esteem and inferiority. However, the children who are encouraged or praise for their accomplishment develop confidence, pride, competence and technological order in society (Cloninger, 2004). In this fifth stage, things are a little different. This fifth stage concluded Freuds psychosexual stage objet dart Erikson had four left.These stages are identity vs. identity diffusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair. I will compare and contrast these four stages with Freuds psychosexual stage the genital stage. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of building the self through previous experience through the genital stage and identity vs. identity diffusion. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but after being able to overcome each psychosexual stage now the individual can began to live a balanced life. However, sexual desires are no long dormant instead they are strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.Adolescences are in search of sexual or romantic relationships with other adolescences (Simon & Gagnon). Some of the characteristics that are developed include vanity, appearance and attention. For Erikson, the crisis here is finding self and personal identity. In order for an adolescence to establish a sense of self, they must go out and try new things. If the child is not encouraged, they can develop disallow identity or identity foreclosure and identity confusion (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006).Nevertheless, if the child is encouraged to explore different roles, activities and behaviors the adolescence will be able to develop their identity, the ego skill of fi delity and learn ideological worldview in society and is able to move to the next stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this intimacy vs. isolation. Both Freud and Erikson acknowledge the importance of seeking a relationship with the opposite sex through their theories. In the genital stage, there is no crisis but latency has been conquered and the focus is seeking pleasure through sexual contact (Simon & Gagnon).In Eriksons intimacy vs. isolation, the crisis is finding love not sexual pleasure. Since the young adults have a sense of identity, they can seek an imply relationship without fears of losing their identity (Widick, Parker & Knefelkamp, 2006). If a person does not find intimacy with someone, the young adult will become isolated. However, if they do find intimacy they will develop the ego skill of love and learn pattern of cooperation and competition in society and advance (Cloninger, 2004).Erikson called this generativity vs. stagnation. Both Freud and Erikson recognize the significance of seeking welfare of life and society through their contributions. In the genital stage, as the individual mature in to adulthood, they are no longer just interested in their selves but others. In Erikson, generativity vs. stagnation, the adult want to contribution to society and that will ultimately outlive them. This contribution is range from children, social or political change or art (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000). If the adult is unable to cultivate a contribution then they will have sense stagnation, failure, disconnected or involved in their life.On the other hand, if they are able to contribute they will feel a sense of generativity, develop the ego skill of care and learn currents of learning and tradition in society thus move to the final stage (Cloninger, 2004). Erikson called this integrity vs. despair. Both Freud and Erikson identify this stage when the personality is complete formed. In the genital stage, the personality is well balanced in all aspects of the person (Simon & Gagnon). In Erikson, integrity vs. despair, the individual reflect on their life. When reflecting occurs if there are regrets or dissatisfied with life, they will have despair (Wallerstein, Robert & Goldberger, 2000).However, if there is a sense of fulfillment then they will have integrity, wisdom as an ego skill and in society (Cloninger, 2004). Now that I have examined each theorist and their stage individually, it is clearly to see where there theories are similar and different. When compare the theories we are able to see why personality development is unconscious, slow and universal. In contrast, we can see how they differ in the process of development by recognizing the outcome.1. credit rating2. Cloninger, S. (2004). Theories of personality. (pp. 45-48). NUpper Saffle RIver, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall. 3. Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. (n.d.). Psychosexual development. Society, 35(2), 60-67. 4. Wallerstein. , Robert, S., & Goldberger, L. (2000). Ideas and identities The life work of erik erikson.Psychoanalytic Psychology, 17(2), 437-442. 5. Widick, C., Parker, C., & Knefelkamp, L. (2006). Erik erikson and psychosocial development. New Direcrtion for Student, 1978(4), 1-17.

Chinese firework industry Essay

1. IntroductionObjective and structure of this reportThe Chinese fireworks pains has experienced signifi force outt change since china adopt open door policy, moreover, it has huge foodstuff sh ar in the fields fireworks market. But on the other hand, the Chinese fireworks patience in any case has fatal weaknesses. thitherfore, whether to invest in this intentness is still a considerable challenge to most investors. The objective of this report is to give some suggestions to Jerry Yu on his ending of the investment on Liuyang fireworks industry. Furthermore, some proposals on how to improve the attractiveness and the rivalrousness of Chinese fireworks industry at a long-run level argon worked turn out from personal level, there are some strategic excerptions to Jerry Yu in terms of handling an individual fireworks firm. To achieve this objective, an industry analysis and a market analyse are carried out and a gross conclusion is drawn based on the analyses and suggestio ns.2. Industrial analysisThe aim of this industrial analysis is to outline the piazza of the Chinese fireworks industry in conjunction with analyzing the rivalry within this industry through Porters five forces model (please refer to Appendix).2.1 The Chinese fireworks industry overviewThe general belief was that China-made fireworks actually made up about 80% to 90% of the worlds fireworks market. But although Chinese fireworks account for most of the worlds market, it can be said as a relatively messy industry in terms of its quality, package and timing control and dispersion channels. As the most popular form in Chinese fireworks industry is family-run workshop, which is usually poorly funded and lacking of R&D and managerial gossip, the whole industry is basically labor-intensive and the technological innovations are also restricted.The competition is intensified by the emergence of small companies. These private workshops are flexible and quick in responding to market dema nd. They would copy any popular harvesting design and sell it for such(prenominal) less prices thangovernment-owned or some collectively owned factories. This fact results in price drop which has become a serious problem for the whole industry. Besides, foreign competitors such as Japanese and Korea companies also threaten the Chinese fireworks industry.2.2 market place trendThe fireworks market can be divided into domestic and exporting market. In the past years, the demand of domestic market is declining while export gross revenue is rising. Since China opened its door in 1979, export market has become a major market of Chinese fireworks. Figure 1 indicates the growth of export market during the period of 1994-1998.Figure 1 Export sales of Chinese fireworks industry in 1994-1998From Figure 1, its hap that the demand of export market is increasing stably. Undoubtedly its a beneficial factor for Chinese fireworks industry. Another market trend is that the demand for display fi reworks is increasing at a fast speed due to the increase of public fireworks shows, whereas the demand for consumer fireworks is expected to decline owing to the more restricted regulations.2.3 Porters Five Forces puzzle (Appendix).Porters five forces model aims at examining the competitive status of the whole industry.2.3.1 Potential entrants (High)The opportunity for potential entrants of fireworks industry is high. The neat requirement for establishing a fireworks firm is very let loose the economy of scale is high and the brand identification within this industry is relatively grim. all these facts provide good opportunities for firms to fancy this industry.2.3.2 Bargaining power of suppliers (Low)Because of the huge number of suppliers of fireworks and little product differentiation among fireworks products, the bargaining power of suppliers is low.2.3.3. Bargaining power of buyers (High)Owing to the large number of choices and low even zero switching costs, the firework s buyers have high bargaining power.2.3.4 Substitutes (Low)The threat of substitutes of fireworks is relatively low. Although there are substitutes such as situate-believe firecrackers, due to the inheritance of tradition and culture, real fireworks are still irresistible to most consumers.2.3.5 Rivalry (High)Rivalry of fireworks industry is high. The possibility for new entrants is high, while exit barrier is low a bulk of existing firms that have little diversity and product differentiation are competing in this industry buyers are more powerful than suppliers All these forces shape the fierce competition in fireworks industry.What is indicated through the analysis of Porters five forces model is that the rivalry of fireworks industry is high. Therefore, if firms were to survive in competition, they should make great effort to differentiate their strategies to achieve sustainable competitive advantages over competitors.3. Market Audit of Liuyang fireworks industryThe market audit focuses on the Liuyang fireworks markets position through the identification of its domestic and foreign competitors and a SWOTanalysis. The goal of this market audit is to assist Jerry Yu to determine whether to invest in Liuyang fireworks industry or not.3.1 Competitor analysisThe competitors of Liuyang fireworks industry include both domestic and foreign iodins. The competitors and their main competitive aspects of Liuyang fireworks industry are delivered in plug-in 1.Table 1 The competitors of Liuyang fireworks industryCompetitors Domestic unknownLiling Pingxiang,Wanzai Dongguan Other small establishments Japan,Korea and Spain competitoryAspects Price competition Both price and quality, especially in low- and medium-priced markets More modern guidance and marketing practices Copy popular design and sell much less Better quality and timing control, better packaging.From Table 1, its clear that the Liuyang fireworks industry has been facing fierce competition from both domes tic and foreign competitors though its still the largest and most well known place for make fireworks in China. All of them have their own competitiveness versus Liuyang fireworks. Thus, if Liuyang fireworks industry were to sustain in the intense competition and beat these competitors, its necessary for it to modify system to increase its competitiveness relative to its competitors. Figure 2 shows the competitive position between Liuyang fireworks industry and its competitors on a positioning map.Figure 2 Competitive positioning map of Liuyang fireworks industry and its competitorsFrom the positioning map, it can be demonstrated that although Liuyang fireworks industry has strong competitiveness in terms of reputation, it is seriously lacking of management capabilities compared with Dongguan and foreign competitors, which could be a disastrous factor in the future. Therefore, to improve the management of Liuyang fireworks industry is crucial for each individual investors success as well as the whole industrys sustainability.3.2 SWOT analysis of Liuyang fireworks industryLiuyang fireworks industry does shell out certain similar characteristics in terms of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats with other Chinese fireworks manufacturers, and it also has its own features.3.2.1 Strengths* Long reputation and product varietyLiuyang has been the most well known place for making fireworks in China for a long time. It has the strongest reputation in China and even in the world market it also occupies an influential position in terms of product variety and reputation.* Huge market shareAs the largest manufacture community of fireworks in China, Liuyang has been enjoying huge market share in both domestic and export market.* Liuyang governments offensive strategyIn 1997, Liuyang government adopted offensive strategy responding to thedecline of its fireworks sales. This has been proven to be very usefulone year later, Liuyang fireworks sales increased.* Lo w labor costLocated in Hunan province, Liuyang is a relatively small and less developed city. Furthermore, most of the manufacture factories are located in rural places, where the labor cost is very low. This is a beneficial factor for manufacturers because with low cost, they could gain more profit.3.2.2 Weaknesses* Poor management input and capabilitiesAs identified in competitor analysis, Liuyang fireworks industry has little management input and poor management capabilities. Since most of them are family-run workshops, they have no capital to fund management. Whats more, as most workers are farmers who are not well educated, they have no intellectual resource for marketing capabilities.* Messy distribution channelsThe overall distribution system of fireworks industry is rather fragmented and messy. Neither the old government-run channels nor the new distribution channels are streamlined and effective. On the contrary, they are rather chaotic.3.2.3 Opportunities* Increasing reve nue and demandAs shown in Figure 3, the total revenue of Liuyang fireworks industry increased substantially in 1992-1996. Now the demand is still increasing especially in display fireworks category. This represents an opportunity to investors.Figure 3 The total revenue of Liuyang fireworks industry in 1992-1996 source Liuyang Firecrackers and Fireworks Exhibition (refer to Exhibit 1 in this case)* Technological innovation appealing to consumersTechnology development triggers the technological innovations. Fireworks can be combined with modern technologies want laser beams, computerized firing and musical accompaniment to cater for customers.* Increased safety of fireworksActually, the fireworks are not as dangerous as usually perceived by people. Technological innovation such as smokeless fireworks makes fireworks safer and as long as people can use fireworks properly, its not so dangerous. This can be demonstrated from Figure 4.Figure 4 The increased consumption(millions of pounds ) versus decreased injuries(per 100,000 pounds) of fireworks in 1990-98Source American Pyrotechnics Association (please refer to Exhibit 2 in this case)What is indicated in this chart is that within 1990-98, the consumption of fireworks increased whereas the injuries decreased. The increased safety can help to build consumers confidence toward fireworks.3.2.4 Threats* Intensified competition and topical anaesthetic protectionismAs illustrated in competitor analysis, more and more competitors including existing firms and new entrants are competing with Liuyang fireworksindustry. The direct consequence is the price drop which leads to the deduction of profit margin. roughly small manufacturers even copy designs and purchase inferior raw materials to gain profit in competition, which worsens the quality and reputation of Liuyang fireworks industry. In addition, some local Chinese governments tend to protect local manufacturers when purchasing fireworks.* Legal restrictionAs firework s has made some tragedies among users, most countries and Chinese cities more or less prohibit the sell and use of fireworks. Some places even banned the use of fireworks. This fact is undermining the fireworks industry.* Credit crisisDue to the bad debt control and lacking of respect for business contracts in China, the transaction costs are increased while cash flow are slowed down, which is a serious issue for fireworks industry.* Poor profit margin and wrong of brand identitiesThis threat exists especially in export market. The importers buy the fireworks at very low price from Chinese manufacturers and then resell at much higher prices. This is indicated in Figure 5 the comparison between FOB import prices from China and wholesale prices of four types of Chinese display fireworks in US. There is a huge gap between them. The American importers enjoy huge profit whilst Chinese manufacturers suffer from low profit margin. Furthermore, some large horse opera fireworks manufactu rers and dealers started to outsource the making of their brand-name fireworks. The Chinese fireworks manufacturers are facing the problem of losing their brand identities.Figure 5 The comparison between FOB import prices from China and wholesale prices of four types of Chinese display fireworks in USSource China Sunsong Fireworks Corp. and Websites of fireworks wholesalers in U.S.4. Suggestions for Jerry YuChinese fireworks industry is a highly competitive industry, however, it still presents opportunities for investors. base on the analysis of Liuyang fireworks industry, the suggestion for Jerry Yu is to take the opportunitiesto invest in Liuyang fireworks industry. Nonetheless, to win in the fierce competition, its also recommended that Jerry Yu should integrate the advantages he has into the opportunities to create competitive advantages versus his competitors. Therefore, there are some strategic options proposed for him. Furthermore, some recommendations for Chinese fireworks industry as a whole are also worked out in set up to increase its competitiveness and attractiveness.5. Proposed strategic options5.1 Options for Chinese fireworks industry (Options 1-4)5.1.1 Strategic option 1 Launch an industry-wide advertising campaign to change consumers perception and attitude toward fireworks.As interpreted before, most consumers regard fireworks as a very dangerous product, especially for youth. But in fact, its not as dangerous as consumers perception. Figure 6 shows the comparison of the dangerousness between fireworks and other products. From the treatment quantities its rather manifest that the treatment for youth caused by fireworks is the least among these eleven consumer products. Furthermore, as the technology of fireworks is improving, the dangerousness will be less than before. Therefore, its necessary for the manufacturers within this industry to launch an advertising campaign to change consumers perception, attitude and to build consumers incont rovertible belieffireworks is much safer than what they think.Figure 6 Estimated emergency room treatment per 100,000 youth (ages 5 to 14)Source American Pyrotechnics Association (refer to Exhibition 3 in this case)Advantages To build consumers confidence toward fireworks can somehow prevent the decline of demand of consumer fireworks from consumers perspective. If consumers know fireworks are virtually much safer than their perception, probably they will purchase fireworks more actively than before in spite of the restriction of government regulations.Disadvantages To launch an industry-wide advertising campaign requires sufficient capital. But as most fireworks manufacturers are family-run small workshop, its hard for them to afford the cost for this advertising campaign.5.1.2 Strategic option 2 Build TQM at an industry-wide level.Lacking of quality control is a serious weakness of Chinese fireworks industry. Therefore, its necessary to build TQM (Total Quality Management) industr y-wide to regulate and guarantee the quality of Chinese fireworks to compete with foreign competitors and to attain trustfulness from consumers.AdvantageThe advantage is obviousincrease Chinese fireworks industrys competitiveness with foreign competitors and in doing so, to maintain and even increase its market share in the worlds market.Disadvantage The only problem TQM might face is the messiness of Chinese fireworks manufacturers. TQM requires fund as well as regulations, but for smallworkshops, its difficult to achieve.5.1.3 Strategic option 3 To absorb foreign investments actively to improve both hardware (equipment, capital, etc) and software (management capabilities, etc) of Chinese fireworks industry.AdvantagesForeign investment can compensate one weakness of Chinese fireworks industrylack of capital. If Chinese manufacturers have sufficient fund, they can improve their equipment, the products quality and packaging and their management resource such as R&D, etc. No doubt th at these facets can greatly promote Chinese fireworks competitive position, through which, Chinese fireworks industry could prosper.Disadvantages There is a latent possibility that these foreign investments might finally control the Chinese fireworks industry. If this happens, Chinese fireworks industry would lose its identity.5.1.4 Strategic option 4 Build strong brand awareness and image of Chinese fireworks industry. This can be implemented by advertising campaign or war-ridden promotional activities.

Respect to Culture Essay

This paper will highlight the key issues that Kelloggs should analyse when decision making to expand to the country of Jordan. Will the plurality living in Jordan able to afford this product? What are the values connected to the stack that will fight them to purchase it? What is needed to fill this heterogeneous culture? All these questions will be answered in this paper with respect to the product spare K by Kelloggs. Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous with Respect to Culture The universe of Jordan is divided into different ethnic groups which include the Bedouins, the people from Circassia and the Pales decenniumians.The majority of the Jordanians is from the Arab descent and form a race of around 4. 4 million (The Royal Hashemite Court). These Arabs devour migrated into Jordan from numerous origins. These people mainly travelled in tribes and whole tribes used to migrate into Jordan before the nineteenth Century. The population also includes some proportions of Muslim refugees f rom Caucasus who migrated to Jordan when Russia invaded. Jordan also houses some Ameri deals and small groups of Chechens. Therefore the culture in Jordan is expected to be pretty heterogeneous as the population includes people from diverse backgrounds and descents.There is heterogeneity of languages being taught and learnt in Jordan. People in Jordan are given complete freedom to preach their religion, read their language and promote their culture. This makes Jordan so culturally diverse and rich. The different ethnic groups have their own clubs, places of worships, schools and associations which has allowed the heterogeneity of culture to remain in Jordan. There has been a tradition of appreciation and tolerance for the diverse cultural background. close to 6% of the population comprises of Christian population further the majority 92% consists of Sunni Muslim population (The Royal Hashemite Court).Hence, some similarities in culture can also be expected as al virtually 9 out o f every 10 people in Jordan are Sunni Muslims. These Sunni Muslims belong to same sect of the same religion which makes their religious activities the same. Hence we can conclude that Kelloggs will have to consider the diverse cultural background as the population are from different countries and descents, however, the same religion of most of the people is going to make it easier for Kelloggs to get across the market as the religious views and values will be the same for most of the people in Jordan.Needs that Kelloggs superfluous K can Fill in this Culture Kelloggs Special K mostly attracts the people who are aware and conscious well-nigh their wellness. Boosting the physical activity for attaining intermit fitness is the goal of most of the people in the developed nations now. Increased physical activity can not only improve the mood save also improve the health of a person. The people of Jordan require a little addition to their lives which can be added to their daily routin e and can have a good affect on their health. The ethnically diverse population of Jordan has different practices for maintaining their health.Some people go for a brisk walk, while others on a regular basis go to the gym. The median population in Jordan is around 22 years old which means the population is pretty young. Most of these people are health conscious and engage in regular physical activity to stay fit. The target market of Kelloggs Special K will be the urban population which consists of 78% of the total population. The urban population is the wealthy lot which has concerns about their health and body weight. This population can be targeted by notice them the health benefits of consuming Kelloggs Special K.Kelloggs Special K website includes expert advice of how to get slimmer, Body Mass Index (BMI) calculator and free ad hominem planner (Kelloggs). It also includes the nutritional plan for the whole day and informs about the nutrition that Special k provides. The popul ation of Jordan is yet not informed about the importance of breakfast and hence this is the perfect time to introduce the Special K with variety of nutrient intake. Can Enough People Afford the reaping? Around 15% of the population in Jordan lives below the poverty line which means that they do not have enough money to afford the primary necessities of life.The economy of Jordan is amongst the smallest in the Arab world. There are insufficient supplies of food, water and other health care items. In other words, the economy was suffering from poverty until ten years back King Abdullah implemented changes in foreign policies and economic reforms that took Jordan to a higher level. In the current situation, Jordans economy has not been so hard hit like the other economies because of the isolation from the international market (CIA). However, the top ten percent population has the highest percentage share of total income.Around 30% of the total income is being earned and spent by the top ten percent of the population and this population can certainly afford Kelloggs Special K. The GDP per capita has risen to US$ 5,300 which is a lot higher than many developing countries. Around 13% of the population is unemployed in Jordan but still the imports of the country amounted to US$ 12 billion in 2009 which indicates that many people in the country can afford to have foreign goods imported. The most imported items include oil, machinery, equipment, iron and cereal and the major import partners are USA, Saudi Arabia, China and Germany (CIA).Hence it can be expected that enough people will purchase the Kelloggs Special K who are in the top income group and have concerns for their health. Values Relevant to the Purchase and Use of Special K The Bedouins find it hard to search for food as most of them are still nomadic in nature. What they need is some form of dry food which can be consumed at any time of the day or night without water and other staple food. Kelloggs Speci al K can be consumed with milk and milk is available abundantly to these nomadic tribes as they have many animals such as camels, sheep and goats which give milk.The Palestinians who left their country of origin in the wars of 1967 and 1948 and came to Jordan stilled have not settled down and many do not have living spaces. These people can be provided with Kelloggs Special K as it is a dry food and it does not require special handling like other local foods. The value of Special K is pretty high because of the nutrient contents of the cereal. Most of the population is now getting educated and moving into urban cities and adopting the foreign lifestyle. As the penetration of video is also increasing in the population, they are starting to follow the Western lifestyle which includes a healthy breakfast.Therefore the value of Kelloggs Special k will be pretty high for the purchase as it provides an easy way to make the breakfast with a lot of health benefits and nutrients. Works Cit ed CIA. occurrence Book. 2009. 21 July 2010 . Kelloggs. The Importance of Breakfast. 2010. 21 July 2010 . The Royal Hashemite Court. The people of Jordan. 2001. 21 July 2010 .

A Comparative Analysis of the Hero’s Quest: Harry Potter Vs King Arthur Essay

ABSTRACTFrom the p mount ups of literature some(prenominal) ideas are born. Often these ideas are borrowed, passed hatful and transferred from work to work author to author. This has conduct humany to conclude that a generic mold has been established for certain ways of telling-or in some cases retelling-a story, and that authors often write to fit this mold, whether purposefully or non. The briny mold discussed by celebrated novelists such as Joseph Campbell, and use frequently by ren protest authors standardised J.K. Rowling and T.H. White, is that of the unspotted paladin. Rowling has made her young protagonist, chivvy muck about, genuinely equal to the King of Camelot, as presented by the many Arthurian authors, including T.H. White and Sir Thomas Mallory. There are a great deal of parallels between putter around and Arthur and I suck in analyzed the plot and other aspects of twain(prenominal) stories-along with the works of critics and researchers like Campbell- to demonstrate the shameful similarities between the two milles.The amazing similarities from both(prenominal) stories spawn from the constant recycling of the hero and his point. chivvy throwster as a person, is a very dynamical character with sweep by dint of mood changes and varying personalities, to date when it comes to his adventures he is not at all unique. King Arthur, as a hero, is a very dynamic character but as a person he is flat and boring. To compare both I read the breeze through provoke fiddle Series by J.K. Rowling ( set upon Potter and the Sorcerers St adept, kick up Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, desolate Potter and the pris championr of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.), Ive read the peremptory Arthurian legends (The Sword in the St atomic number 53, by T.H White, and Le Mort dArthur by Sir Thomas Mallory. )The authors own life stories were excessively analyzed in hopes that I could perhaps come to a polish of why their Heroes are so alike.HARRY POTTER VS KING ARTHURThe King Arthur novels have been a quit of literature for years, influencing authors, movies and even song writers. This generations King Arthur is known by another strike. He was conceived on a napkin by a struggling single mom and goes by the name of Harry Potter. Many parts of Rowlings Harry Potter Series are infused with elements of the Arthurian legend. From cultivation and re meddlesome both stories I have found many parallels between both tales. Arthur and Harry are both the protagonists of their grounds, both were deprived of their parents at an early age, both were on pursuits to achieve their destiny, both had old conjuror mentors, and neither knew of his own importance till a late age. This extended essay explores the themes and characters linking the two tales and also analyzes the authors life and lang uage and how they affected the story.Joseph Campbell is a world renown author who wrote the primary(prenominal)tain The Hero With a Thousand Faces. Mentally digesting this book has helped me to understand the bonds that tie all heroes together and was what led to the thought that Harry and Arthur are very similar. Both Arthur and Harry fit into the category that Joseph Campbell refers to as the classic hero. Both characters lives follow the pattern of up and downs that rules the life of any literary being. use excerpts and themes from this and other novels written by Campbell I provide bring to light the chilling parallels between both dramas.Both Harry Potter and King Arthur lived lives that were elect by them. This may seem obvious as their lives were written out by their authors imagination, but in the novels themselves their emergencys were pre-destined. Harry Potter was the simply person ever to survive original Voldemorts Avada Kedavra curse, also known as the killing c urse. whatsoever time that someone does something for the first timesomething that was thought impossiblethey are immediately raised on a pedestal of awe and leadership.Having survived the curse, Harry thwarted Voldemorts plan of world domination, therefore rescue the wizarding world. Besides being the first to survive the curse, Harry was also the wizarding communitys savior, and he was altogether one year old. So at a very early age Harry already had a reputation to live up to. What put the final seal on the tantalizeuation was Sybill Trelawneys prophecy which stated that neither chiffonier live piece the other survives, meaning that when Voldemort returned to conquer the world Harry would be the only one loose of saving bothoneagain. No pressure Harry. His destiny was chosen for him, but then again isnt every protagonists destiny chosen for them in a sense?The magician pigeon hawk, who is living life backwards was already aware of who Arthur was going to be when he urged Uther Pendragon to give him his first born child in exchange for his help to lay with the Duke of Cornwalls wife, Lady Igraine. Merlin knew Arthur would grow up to be King and save Britain from the Saxons when he saw the wart stumbling across the forest floor in T.H. Whites The Sword in the Stone. So the feature that he knew Arthur would run King when he asked Uther for his child means that Merlin is the person who chose Arthurs fate.Had it not been for his request to receive Arthur, Uther would never have given him over and perhaps Arthur would never have become King. Furthermore, Merlin was the one who placed the sword in the stone and prophesied that whoever pulls it out would become King. Merlin already knew that Arthur was of noble blood, but had he not placed the sword in that stone nobody would have known that Arthur was the heir to the throne. So not only did Merlin arrange for King Arthur to actually be born, but he also arranged for the circumstances that made his nobil ity come to life, therefore Merlin steered Arthurs destiny.Arthur and Harry were also raised in complete ignorance of their true lineage. Merlin knew that Arthur would not be safe with the Duke of Cornwall on the prowl for Uthers heir, so he hid him away with a knight named Sir Ector. wise(p) that Arthur would be safe Merlin went to live in the woods nearby, and left him alone until his services were ask again. Therefore Arthur grew up thinking he was Sir Ectors nephew and had no idea of his noble heritage. He lived well enough and managed to gain the proper morals and code of honor that would one solar day benefit him as King.Harry was not so lucky. From what we surmise from JKs novels, Harry Potter would have lived quite a comfortcapable and quiet life had he not been thrown into tragedy when Voldemort snipeed. On the night of the attack Harry was barely a year old, and his parents and he were quietly enjoying their evening at Godrics Hollow. Voldemort set off in and massacre d James and Lilly Potter, Harrys parents, but when he attempted to kill Harry, the love that Harrys arrive had shown in trying to protect her child formed a block out of contraceptive barrier which caused the curse to bounce back and strike Voldemort. Dumbledore hid the orphaned Harry with his Aunt and Uncle Dursley, who wished to have cipher to do with him payable to his being of that lot, meaning a wizard. For eleven years Harry grew up dislike and ridiculed with his aunt and uncle, not having a clue of his magical world connections.At this point we notice that plot of ground Arthur grew up comfortably with his loving foster family, Harry grew up hated and down trod with his unbearable aunt and uncle. Also, while Arthurs foster brother Kay greatly helped him on quests and adored him as his own brother, Harry was bullied and annoyed by his cousin Dursley.Another striking law of similarity between Arthur and Harry is that they both outlast to protect and save the people the y lead. When Harry unwittingly vanquished Lord Voldemort as a young cosset he saved the wizarding community from the superior threat it had ever faced, at least until Voldemort returned in The Goblet of Fire. So from a surprisingly early age Harry was the savior of his people. When he attended Hogwarts and became a prominent figure in the lives of many people he was not only their leader, but their savior. aft(prenominal) Lord Voldemort had returned to power Dumbledore started to guess that he and Harry would be pitted against one another until one was vanquished.This was made certain by was Sybill Trelawneys prophecy The one with the power to vanquish the Dark Lord approaches born to those who have thrice defied him, born as the viith month dies and the Dark Lord will mark him as his equal, but he will have power the Dark Lord knows not and either must die at the hand of the other for neither depose live while the other survives the one with the power to vanquish the Dark Lord will be born as the seventh month dies So once again Harry was made the only one capable of saving the world from the evils of Marvolo Riddle, or Lord Voldemort. The power which he had that Voldemort knew nothing about was his deceased mothers love, which made it possible for baby Harry and teenage Harry to thwart Voldemort on every attempt he made to conquer the wizarding world. In the final part of J.K Rowlings thrilling serial publication Harry vanquishes Lord Voldemort once and for all, therefore fulfilling his prophecy and saving his people.Arthur also was presented as a hero and savior for his subjects. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth, historian and author of History of the Kings of Britain, around 1100 Britain was overrun by Saxons, Picts, and Scots. Arthur came about due to the subdued and downtrodden imaginations of the British people. Whenever a people are subject to tyranny they score heroes and saviors. Arthur was the product of poverty, aridness and injustice, so i n the Arthurian legends he is the ultimate hero, the total savior and the peace bringer of Camelot. Another similarity between both heroes is that Arthur is helped on his way to victory by the legendary Sword Excalibur, and Harry defeated Lord Voldemort with the aid of The Elder Wand.As both novels developed the presences of many characters guide the protagonists in the right on direction, but none more so than their mentor and protector. For Harry it is Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore, and for Arthur it is the enigmatic Merlin. Harry was hidden for his own safety by Dumbledore and throughout the whole series he was nudged in the right direction by him. In the Philosophers Stone, Dumbledore tells Harry how the Mirror of Erised works, in the Chamber of Secrets he sends Fawkes to rescue him from Slytherins successor and the basilisk, in The Prisoner of Azkaban he gives Hermione the Time Turnerthere are a cornucopia of examples on how Dumbledore is always helping Harry along the way. Although J.K. Rowling claims that Dumbledore had flaws and was gay, he was still one of my favorite characters due to his complete devotion to the novels cause defeating Lord Voldemort. In this sense Dumbledore is Harrys main parental figure, aside from his Godfather, Sirius, and he sees him through all the hard times.Merlin is that reason that Arthur exists. So if anything, you could sort of call Merlin Arthurs father. Not only did he arrange for the birth of Britains greatest king, but he made him king by putting the sword in the stone. He channelise Arthur through his quests and adventures and made him Lord of the Knights of the Round Table. Whenever anyone thinks about Arthurian legend they think of Merlin. Merlin, who found wart wondering in the woods. Merlin, who taught him valuable life lessons by turning him into different animals. Merlin, who gave him the marvelous sword Excalibur.In both books the mentors are described as having long, white, flowing beards, poi nted hats with stars and astrological robes of purple, half rimmed spectacles and shining blue eyes. Is it coincidence that J.K. had all these parallels between Arthur and Harry AND Dumbledore and Merlin?Both Harry and Arthur lead very distinguished, eventful and public lives. The life of the hero isnt an easy one, but it is quite rewarding. As Campbell puts it A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself (Campbell). Both of these heroes have accepted their fate and played the role perfectly.A special K thread found in most hero stories is the notice at immortality. Campbell writes in his novel, The Hero With A Thousand Faces, that To this very day, the possibility of physical immortality charms the heart of man (Campbell, 188). All hero figures, from Gilgamesh, to Buddha, to Jesus, even Arthur and Harry are all presented with immortality. This longing for eternal life can be understood when we see what a hero is and how man (and woman in JKs c ase), fears death. As we know, a hero is spawned during times of upheaval and social distress. Arthur was thought up during the Saxons air of England and Harry was born when J.K. needed to be saved from poverty and discontent. Whenever a peoples is oppressed they think of sightly rich, overcoming their difficulties and living forever.In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, Harry is presented with the opportunity to keep the Sorcerers Stone, from which he can create the Elixir of Life, enabling him to live forever. In the Deathly Hallows he was searching for the three Deathly Hallows, one of which was the resurrection stone. The Resurrection Stone made it so that Harry could bring back anyone from the dead. even so because he didnt want the Sorcerers stone or the Resurrection stone for his own use, he made himself immortal in a different way. He made himself immortal in his accessorys memories and in his many fans minds. Arthur, also, had the chance at immortality.On his quest for the set apart grail he was presented many times with challenges and dilemmas for which the reward was immortality. When Arthur is killed by his son Mordred, he is then taken to the Isle of Avalon to be treated. A popular legend, current among the British people, claimed that King Arthur had never actually died and that he would one day return to his people when their need was great. In this sense King Arthur was thought to be the perfect man, vestal of sin. Harry is similarly clean of sin as Dumbledore tells him in Half-Blood Prince, In spite of all the enticement you have endured, all the suffering, you remain pure of heart, just as pure as you were at the age of eleven.Finally, the greatest parallel between both heroes is the quest. The myths and legends surrounding King Arthur center on the quest for the Holy grail. According to legend, King Arthur saw the Grail in a vision, and subsequently he and his knights attempted to recall the Grail. The Holy Grail and the vessel used by Christ at the Last Supper that was then used by St. Joseph to catch the blood of Christ were then thought to be the same cup. While the place of the Grail was forgotten over time, there was a prophecy at the Court of King Arthur that the Grail would one day be rediscovered by a descendant of St. Joseph. According to the prophecy, the person who would adventure the Grail would be the person designated to sit in the Siege Perilous, the perfect seat at the round table. This would be Sir Galahad. In comparison Harry Potter is also on a quest. In fact seven quests, one for each book written. Each one of the Harry Potter books written involves quests.In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, Voldemort is on a quest to find the Philosophers Stone to achieve immortality. Voldemorts quest becomes Harrys quest, as Harry believes himself to be the only one capable of halt Voldemort from adjudgeing the Stone once he learns that Dumbledore has left Hogwarts. The quest takes Harry through a series of obstacles, and while he is accompanied at first by Ron and Hermione, it is he alone like Galahad who must complete the quest and save the Stone from Voldemort. Philosophers Stone actually tells us about two quests the quest for the Stone, as well as Voldemorts quest to kill the boy who has been prophesized to be the only one who can be his undoing. As Galahads seat is marked with his name, signifying that he is the only one who can find the Grail, Voldemorts attack on Harry as a baby leaves him marked with the denounce that signifies Harry as Voldemorts equal and as the only one who can vanquish Voldemort.Also, Harry is the only one who can achieve the quest for the stone, like Galahad is the only one who can find the Holy Grail. As in Arthurian legend, Harry is not the only one who embarks on quests through the Harry Potter series. In Philosophers Stone, Voldemort uses Quirrell to try to find the Stone. The entire Hogwarts teaching staff (with the one notabl e exception of Professor Lockhart) is looking for the Chamber of Secrets in Book Two. The Dementors are searching for Sirius unrelenting in Prisoner of Azkaban.The other contestants in the Triwizard Tournament, like Knights of the Round Table, are also on quests as they complete each Tournament task in Goblet of Fire. At the Yule Ball, the contestants and the judges even sit at a large round table. In Order of the Phoenix, Voldemort is on a quest to obtain the prophecy and regain his power. This signifies that many try, or feel compelled to achieve the status of hero, but the true hero doesnt choose his destiny. The true hero becomes what he is because he has no choice, because it is in his blood. Like Harry and Arthur, who did not choose their future, and never wanted fame and glory, the true hero does things alone.There exists many parallels between both heroes and in finality we can conclude that this is no mere coincidence. Rowling must have intended to at least base her protag onist off of Britains greatest hero King Arthur.The reason that J. K. Rowling is able to put so much life and actuality in her writings is that she herself has experienced much of what she writes. She was born on July 31st, 1965 in Gloucestershire, England. Divorced and living off of welfare Rowling wrote Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone on a napkin between her daughters naps. When Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone was publish her life changed. Much like Harrys life, Rowlings has the characteristics of a fairy tale. Barely qualification a living she managed to get by and lived in a small apartment flat in Edinburgh, where she says she was rescued by Harry Potter. She was given money to finish her books and has since become richer than even the Queen. She has written the malignity and nightmares of her pre-Potter life into her books, which is why they appear so real.Whenever a people live an oppressed lifestyle they create saviors to rescue them, which is what J.K did . T.H White, on the other hand lived a pretty well off life, yet displeased with the world he too re-made a hero for himself, Arthur. There isnt much in common between both authors other than their British descent and the fact that they write. Their language is also very similar and the way they write is strikingly alike. Perhaps its the fact that they both attended Exeter college? In the quest for literary glory, both authors overcame tremendous upheaval and problems of a bad economic start. Yet they both wrote novels that changed mankind, and that continue the Heros journey through literature. It is certain true then, that There is only one hero, and he has a thousand faces (HWTF, Campbell).BIBLIOGRAPHYWhite, T.H. The Sword in the Stone. Random House, Inc. October 1963Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Cornell Books, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Cornell Books, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter a nd the Sorcerers Stone. Cornell Books Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Cornell Books, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Cornell Books, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Cornell Books, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Cornell Books, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Campbell, Joseph. The Hero With A Thousand Faces. fresh World Library Books, 1949, First Ed.